The Constable Case Essay Sample free essay sample

The office of the Constable is one of the oldest signifiers affecting jurisprudence enforcement. Despite its antiquity. few people have a good apprehension of what a Constable is ; much less specify the functions and maps that the office entails. One possible ground by the deficiency of distinct understanding possibly. could be caused by the varying roles that Constables possess today in assorted provinces all throughout the state. By and big. constables are functionaries of municipal corporations whose chief duty is to keep peace and order of the community. Hence. they are categorized as peace officers. This would sometimes necessitate groking law-offenders. However. much of the undertakings of the modern twenty-four hours Constable focal point on the followup of both civil and condemnable procedures. Although it is neither widely known nor popular. it is however of import. It is the lone law-enforcement officer educated and authorized in covering with the civil and condemnable instances in different tribunals such as the District or Federal Courts. We will write a custom essay sample on The Constable Case Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page concerned chiefly in the issue of writs. procedures. and election notices. A Constable can presume the office either through election or assignment. depending on the legislative acts of the province. Nevertheless. irregardless of the path by which he obtained the place. a Constable bases for the citizens in his vicinity ( â€Å"What is a Constable? † ) . Although some provinces in the US provides about the same map as that of a sheriff. most constables possess less power than the latter and undertakings are frequently submitted under the ordinance of the sheriff. Early on records have shown that the Constable’s office had existed since mediaeval history. after the Norman Conquest in 1066 ( â€Å"Constable: History† ) . History traces the constitution of the office through King Alfred of England. when he appointed constables in 871 A. D. However. the rubriccomes( officer )stabuliorstabulum( stable ) is found in the Roman and peculiarly in the Eastern Roman. or Byzantine. Empire from the 5Thursdaycentury AD. with primary military maps. The term derives from the Latincomes stabuli. intending â€Å"count of the stable† . A constable so. was the caput of the stable. From this low beginnings. constables rose to accomplish the differentiation of being main caput of stallss at the imperial tribunal. The office of constable. ( Gallic. connetable ) reappeared under the Capetian Kings of France. The Constable of France is given full charge of the ground forces upon the king’s absence. giving the office much power and distingu ished prominence in society. The Franks borrowed the rubric. and under the Merovingian and Carolingian male monarchs of Western Europe thecomes stabuliwas in charge of the royal he-man. with marshal (marescallus) as his low-level officer. In the 11Thursdaycentury the constable of France became one of the five great officers of province. with limited powers of legal power and with bid of the horse. The constable’s military responsibilities and judicial powers increased until. by the mid-14Thursdaycentury. he held supreme military bid of the ground forces. After the lese majesty of the constable Charles de Bourbon ( 1523 ) . nevertheless. the male monarchs distrusted the power of the office. and for many old ages in the 16Thursdaycentury it was allowed to stay vacant. It was eliminated in 1627. after the decease of Francois de Bonne. Duke de Lesdiguieres. but was revived by Napoleon I. who appointed his brother Louis Bonaparte expansive constable. It was eventually abolished upon the Restoration of the Bour bons. From France. it was passed on to Normandy in the early 11Thursdaycentury. when the rubric was given besides to commanding officers of palaces. Following the Norman Conquest of England. a figure of barons with the rubric of constable began to look in England. The office of constable in England was similar to that of the pre-Conqueststaller. The chief responsibility of the constable and marshal was the bid of the ground forces. The responsibility as a peace-keeping officer began under the regulation of King William the Conqueror ( died 1087 ) . The Constable. together with the office of the Judiciary and Bailiffs. were defined and established through Magna Carta in 1215 ( â€Å"Early History of the Constables† ) . The Magna Carta was the basis for most Torahs and fundamental laws in many parts of English-speaking states. The Court of the Constable and Marshal. besides known as the Court of Chivalry. became mostly known to hold existed through the reign of Edward I ( 1272-1307 ) . One of them belongs to the members of the Bohun household who achieved distinction in the royal family. In the reign of Edward I ( 1100-35 ) . Humphrey de Bohun. Earl of Hereford. gained the rubric of â€Å"Constable of England† . This office passed by matrimony to Thomas of Woodstock. youngest boy of Edward III. who became Duke of Gloucester and exercised great political power under Richard II. With his autumn and decease in 1397 the familial office diminished in importance and power. and upon the executing of Edward Stafford. 3d Duke of Buckingham. in 1521. it became nonextant. The office is now revived merely for enthronement ceremonials ; Lord high constables being appointed merely for this intent. Military officers with of import military bids and in control of forts and palaces were besides know as constables. such as the constables of Windsor. Dover. Caernarvon ( Caernarfon ) . Conway. Harlech. and Flint palaces and of the Tower of London. Sometimes the assignment was coupled with that of curator ( ulterior justness ) of the peace. who assisted the sheriff in implementing the jurisprudence. This gave rise to constable’s exerting civil legal power. Under the Statute of Winchester ( 1285 ) . the civil and military organisations were linked. There were two local constables appointed for maintaining the peace and order in the legal power of every hundred ( or franchise ) tribunal. This legislative act secures every metropolis and town in the land with two constables for each 100 people. and even watchers on dark clip responsibility. This was called the Watch and Ward system. They were responsible for stamp downing public violences and violent offenses and for build uping the reserves to enable him to make so. These were the earliest â€Å"chief constable† or â€Å"high constables† . Their low-level officers were known as â€Å"petty constables† in each tithing. or small town. These constables served without wage and maintain a roll of watchers and enforced other facets of the system. The watchers were to collar leery individuals and warn sleeping citizens at dark of fire and other dangers. As London grew and progressed. a more efficient sort of jurisprudence enforcement became necessary for the metropolis. An act of 1737 required that 68 work forces be paid for street responsibility and that 32 of them serve during the daylight. The early 19Thursdaycentury brought hard times to the quickly turning metropolis. Poverty and dearth increased. Looting and rioting were shortly out of control. The high and junior-grade. or parish. constables remained the executive legal officers in counties until the County Police Acts of 1839 and 1840. which allowed certain justnesss to set up a paid constabulary force. The constabulary system formed by Sir Robert Peel in 1829 was tailored from the early system of constables. although the new force was much larger. better trained. and more extremely subject. The rioting in London was shortly controlled but before long it spread to other countries. The English constables hence were superseded in the 19Thursdaycentury by these paid constabulary forces. although the constable is still the main local jurisprudence enforcement officer in many rural countries of the United States today ( â€Å"Constable† ) . In the rural territories of the United States the constable had the same position as in England before the act of 1842. In the 20Thursdaycentury. the constable bit by bit lost most of his power in condemnable affairs to the uniformed constabulary. The derivative term of â€Å"cops† . which was later used to mention to police officers. is believed to hold come from the initial letters of the words â€Å"constable on patrol† . The office of the Constabulary has besides furnished the alternate term â€Å"Constabulary† for the constabulary force ( â€Å"Police: History of Police Organization† ) . In Scotland organic structures of high constables. formed to transport out such municipal responsibilities as controling public violences. still exist at Edinburgh. Leith. Perth. and Holyroodhouse. the last named being outstanding on province occasions ( â€Å"Constable† ) . The first known constable was during the period of Colonial America which was appointed in Plymouth Colony. His chief duty was to help the Justice of the Peace. who was the caput functionary. While the Justice of the Peace was chiefly assigned to take answerability of both legislative and judiciary affairs. the office of the Constable are responsible to guarantee that orders be carried out and to the full enforced. The office of the Constable was chiefly patterned after the United Kingdom. Upon the country’s independency from British colonial regulation. constables started to go elected in office. Before the upgrading of the system among jurisprudence hatchet mans in the 19Thursdaycentury. the constables were chiefly accountable to set the jurisprudence in force. Their assignment or election is of a specified term of office. and for specific intents. Similar to their opposite numbers in the United Kingdom. the constables in America did non have any salary. nor wore civilian vesture. Alternatively. they would normally obtain payments for every tribunal order served. The place of the constable was provided in the first Fundamental law of the Republic of Vermont ( 1777 ) although any indicant of the office was deleted when it was revised many old ages subsequently and wherein it was besides stripped much of its influence and authorization. In add-on. due to the constitution of the Metropolitan Police. the constable’s responsibilities were bit by bit replaced by the constabulary in municipalities. But the office of the Constable was non wholly eliminated in most province in the US. in contrast to that in UK. Generally. province Torahs bestow some of the authorization of a constable to a police officer such as the right to collar. In many countries today. the office of the constable co-exists with the constabulary force. It is for this ground possibly that the appellation of ‘constable’ has ceased to be used to mention to patrol jurisprudence hatchet mans. Furthermore. in most provinces. constabulary officers do non portion the responsibility of policing the locality which farther causes the constables to be less known or familiar to the local occupants. The map of a Constable may differ from every country of legal power. There are guidelines refering the makings that a individual should possess before he or she can presume the office. Basically. the individual qualified for the place should be a legal citizen of the state. qualified to vote. and should soon be shacking in the vicinity of his assignment. Similarly. the constable’s term of office is greatly affected by the mode in which the officer has assumed the office — whether by election or assignment ; and depending on the vote public’s determination of puting restrictions to the officer’s power. Such power could run from holding the authorization to grok jurisprudence lawbreakers. to strictly taking attention of civil affairs. of giving support to wellness officers. or act as aggregator of revenue enhancements. There is no proviso in the jurisprudence which prohibits a individual from being elected or appointed to the office of the Constable if he or she lacks developing in condemnable justness. What the jurisprudence provides though. are that the electorate organic structure can take whether they will convey limitations to the power of the constable. regardless of the presence or absence of preparation in condemnable justness. This is to protect the components from unneeded injury or cause gratuitous harm to the town’s public assistance. if perchance the elected constable lacks the proper cognition in judicial procedures or preparation. There are serious advantages though of constable officers who possess necessary preparation associating to the occupation. Certified preparation affecting the operation of certain electronic equipment in implementing velocity bounds. and proper preparation in taking blood samples of suspected rummy drivers. could surely beef up the grounds in tribuna l. A constable appointed to the office can be relieved of his place but non until due procedure is carried out. Before a dismissal takes into consequence. the constable is first notified and is presented before the organic structure which selected the constable. The naming organic structure is required to show the evidences for the remotion from office. and the officer in inquiry is given the chance to support himself. In contrast. the selecting boards do non hold the authorization to take a constable elected to the office. The usual term for the office of the Constable is one twelvemonth but could be extended to two old ages if the components of his vicinity ballots to lengthen the term for an extra twelvemonth. Most frequently. a constable must be sworn in earlier transporting out his duties as a jurisprudence hatchet man. In some instances. a bond is required before a individual can presume the responsibilities of being a constable. But a constable is non given autonomies to pass the town’s financess. The elected and appointed constables function independently from each other. neither one playing as superior from the other. Their legal power does non frequently embrace the whole province but is frequently restricted to the town’s boundary lines. The constable must besides subject to the higher authorization of the sheriff or the caput of disposal in his country ( â€Å"Constable: Functions and Responsibilities† ) . Examples of Legal Duties: The constable in Alabama receives the place through election. His country of legal power encompasses the whole county. every bit good as being able to to the full exert the authorization or power to collar all throughout the State of Alabama. Furthermore. a constable is responsible in implementing traffic regulations issued by the province. every bit good as condemnable codifications with the exclusion in Etowah and Jefferson counties. Constables in Alabama besides act as forest warden. assisting control or set off fires. In add-on. they besides help ease in the processing of legislative affairs. The office of constable in Alabama do non have allocation of wages. alternatively the province provides that the jurisprudence wrongdoer is responsible to pay the constable. The constable does non have fiscal aid from the province of Alabama for preparations. uniforms and equipments in relation to the occupation ( â€Å"What Constables Do† ) . The office of the constable in the State of Arizona is an indispensable component of the judicial system. Constables in this province are besides elected and work in the processing of the orders issued by the tribunal. Duties and duties include service processing of writs. biddings of civil and condemnable instances. and other orders given by the tribunal. They are besides in charge of belongingss under province detention. The revised Statue 22-131 A of Arizona requires the constable to â€Å"attend the tribunals of justness of the peace within their precincts when required†¦ . † and assigns the state’s consultative council to give the necessary preparation for constables to properly transport his responsibilities. Constables can besides hold the authorization to delegate employees such as clerks or deputies that could help him in executing the issues refering his office. although such assignments must be submitted and capable to the blessing of the board of superv isors. Constables are under the supervising of sheriffs ( â€Å"Statue 22-131: Powers and Duties† ) . The restructuring of the province tribunals in California had caused the decrease of the figure of constables working within the province. Most of the functions and responsibilities of the office of the constable was integrated by the map of the constabulary force. The staying few constables in California are besides involved in patrol work aside from the service of treating tribunal orders. Constables assume the office by either assignment of the presiding justice or through election. The State of Connecticut has constables under two classs: the appointed and elected. The province appoints constables in towns that do non hold equal constabularies force and helps transport out the responsibilities of a condemnable jurisprudence hatchet man. On the other manus. elected constables take attention of functioning civil procedures. Voters elect their constables every two to four old ages. In Delaware. the map of the constable is comparable to that of the sheriff except that it has less authorization and range of legal power. The office of the constable in the State of Delaware existed even during the colonial period. Today. constables carry out the responsibilities of treating tribunal orders and warrants every bit good as keeping peace of the province. They can grok individuals who breach the jurisprudence. aid oversee the peace and order during elections. and assist implement province Torahs. In 1986. the office of the codification enforcement created the office of the constable. Such jurisprudence enforcement functionaries were appointed to oversee affairs refering province regulations such as lodging. wellness and sanitation ( â€Å"Constable† ) . The Chief Magistrate Judge functioning in the counties are authorized by the province to name constables. Aside from being required to give attending before tribunal Sessionss in the Magistrate Court. constables process the aggregation and payment and other affairs associating to the office of the tribunal. Constables appointed in counties do non hold the power to collar unless the tribunal grants a tribunal warrant or within the presence and directive of the tribunal justice. In Kentucky. the power or authorization of constables differ from each of its counties. The constable’s Scopess of responsibilities are established by the county’s justice. Some constables are granted full constabulary powers. Such constables in these counties could have allocation for uniforms. patrol vehicles. and other equipments. Other counties in Kentucky do non give such autonomies to their constables. and some do non even receive proviso for uniforms or patrol autos. In the 1960’s there was a important diminution of the figure of constables in Kentucky. The General Assembly passed an regulation in 1998 that gives salary accommodation of constables ( owed by rising prices ) trusting to do the office more desirable. Constables holds authorization within the boundary lines of the county of legal power. Constables are normally citizens with honest reputes who are acute for public service. However. the office has been subjected sometimes to corruptness ( â€Å"What is a Constable? † ) . The province of Maine requires aspirers for constables to undergo proper preparation. Upon completion of the preparation class. the full-pledged constables are given police powers and carry through all the responsibilities performed by a constabulary functionary. Constables can transport out service of judicial procedure within the metropolis or town in which he or she is assigned. Constables in Massachusetts are either elected or appointed. State jurisprudence besides calls for constables to set up a bond in contrast to Deputy Sheriffs. in order to function its functions and duties ( R. Ramponi. â€Å"Constables in Massachusetts ) . Constables in Michigan are largely appointed and whose authorization is limited upon the county of which he or she is assigned. Merely less than 10 % of Michigan’s towns maintain on electing constables. They are given the authorization to function civil and condemnable warrants. the latter merely as directed by the Township Board. Constables serve as a ministerial decision maker of the tribunal ( â€Å"Constable Powers† ) . Mississippi province jurisprudence appropriates one constable for every tribunal territory in every county. Every constable’s chief responsibility is to protect its citizens from offense and keep the peace in his assigned county. Constables in Mississippi do non have fees upon the service of judicial procedures. Constables are required to subject to preparations related to his responsibilities during his term of office. Completion of the preparation does non subject the constable for physical fittingness trial. The county’s board of supervisors is responsible for merely paying one time. of the preparations that constables are required to carry through. Failure to go to the needed preparation causes the constable to blackball his rights for compensation. Furthermore. he or she is required to carry through other preparations at his ain disbursal ( â€Å"Mississippi Code of 1972: Sec. 19-19-5. General Duties of Constables ; Training Program† ) . Constables in Nevada assume the office by the public’s ballots. Qualifications for both elected and appointed constables include being above the age of 21 old ages. an voter. and had neer been convicted of any jurisprudence misdemeanors in any province. A constable’s compensation is determined by the board of county commissioners. This organic structure of commissioners is besides authorized to name constables at any clip. if needed ( â€Å"Constables: Qualifications and Compensations† ) . Like in most other province in the US. constables in New Jersey are by and large considered as peace officers. However. the province has curtailed some of its powers and authorization refering police maps. Much of their undertakings concentrate more on treating judicial paper plants and execution of civil Torahs. Under New York province Torahs. constables are defined as officers of jurisprudence enforcement. However. their authorization and power vary from every country of legal power. with some towns cut downing some powers normally relegated to jurisprudence enforcement officers. There are some towns in Ohio in which constables besides act as constabulary officers. Others act as officers of the tribunal. Constables are appointed. and most countries require them to post bonds every bit good as undergo preparations refering to patrol plants. They besides carry responsibilities of functioning tribunal orders and have the power to collar jurisprudence surfs. In Pennsylvania. the public elects its constables to function a six-year term of office. There are besides constables who assume the office by assignment. The province jurisprudence positions constables. irregardless of beginning. chiefly as peace officers. However. when he or she has wholly complied with all the needed preparations. are given authorization to carry through the responsibilities of a jurisprudence hatchet man of the tribunal. A constable may name deputies to help his work but is capable to the blessing of the President Judge. Since they are an elective functionary. they are comparatively free from the influence of other regulating organic structures. impartial to outdo satisfy the intent of justness. A constable in this province is given full power of apprehension in conformity to his responsibility as a peace officer. Constables get elected in office to function a four twelvemonth term. matching to the presidential election. In some counties of Tennessee. some campaigners for the office of the constable requires that all aspirers be free from partiality and must run as an independent campaigner. However. other counties do non keep such limitations. Article 5. Section 18 of the Texas Constitution assigns a constable for every precinct in every county of the province. Such constables are elected by the populace. A county with large populations may even hold eight precincts. Elected constables serve civil procedure within his country of legal power every bit good as any adjoining counties. Their power to function warrants is permitted all throughout the province of Texas. Constables in Vermont are normally elected by the town. They are assigned to execute responsibilities with service of procedure. destroy unaccredited Canis familiariss. dispersion of boisterous assemblages. or take boisterous individuals. In towns where there are no revenue enhancement aggregators. constables assume such responsibilities. In general. constables have full authorization to implement the jurisprudence but can be modified through votation of the town’s components. A Constable of the Tower of London still exists today. But in general. the United Kingdom’s legal system assigns legal responsibilities such as the power to collar or keep the peace and order of the public under his or her legal power. although there are normally duties added to it. Those sworn in to the office have authorization independent from the constabulary —- traveling beyond the map of a mere agent of the constabulary. All constabulary officers sworn in to office in UK are besides moving as constables since it is given that the constabulary force obtains their authorization from the office of the Constable. The head of the constabulary force in a vicinity is sometimes called Senior Constable but this does non keep true in the United Kingdom. In New South Wales. Leading Senior Constable does non mention to a high superior place but to a impermanent place under preparation. There were â€Å"special† or â€Å"petty† constables that used to map before. nevertheless such undertakings were already reassigned to the responsibilities of constabulary officers ( â€Å"Constable† ) . Every parish would vote for a constable that would stand for their vicinity in the legislative organic structure in Jersey. Assorted commissions are headed by the elective constables such as the Roads Committee. All in all. there are 12 constables who form the Committee of Constables. It is besides a nonliteral caput of the Honorary Police. The parish in Guernsey on the other manus. ballots for both their senior and junior constables. A alone right or authorization given to the constables in Guernsey is the power to articulate any of their components insane. Mentions: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bexar. org/constable/pct4/History/history. hypertext markup language hypertext transfer protocol: //www. aceweekly. com/acemag/backissues/990317/cover990317. hypertext markup language hypertext transfer protocol: //www. constables-mbca. org/constables-in-massachusetts. php Program. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. mscode. com/free/statutes/19/019/0005. htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www. leg. province. Nevada. us/NRS/NRS-258. hypertext markup language hypertext transfer protocol: //resources. vlct. org/u/rr_constable. pdf